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Efficient schemes with unconditionally energy stabilities for gradient flow models with strong anisotropy: S-IEQ and S-SAV approaches

We consider numerical approximations for gradient flow models with strong anisotropy by taking the anisotropic Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn equations with their applications to the faceted pyramids on nanoscale crystal surfaces and the dendritic crystal growth problems, as special examples. The main challenge of constructing numerical schemes with unconditional energy stabilities for these type of models is how to design proper temporal discretizations for the nonlinear terms with the strong anisotropy. We combine the recently developed IEQ/SAV approach with the linear stabilization approach, where some linear stabilization terms are added. These terms are shown to be crucial to remove the oscillations caused by the anisotropic coefficients, numerically. The novelty of the proposed schemes is that all nonlinear terms can be treated semi-explicitly, and one only needs to solve some coupled/decoupled, but linear equations at each time step. We further prove the unconditional energy stabilities rigorously, and present various 2D and 3D numerical simulations to demonstrate the stability and accuracy.