Evidence-based medicine is attracting increasing attention to improve decision making in medical practice via integrating evidence from well conducted clinical research. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique widely used in evidence-based medicine for analytically combining the findings from independent clinical trials to provide an overall estimation of a treatment effectiveness. In this talk, I will first give an overview of the history and main procedure of conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. I will then present some statistical challenges in the methodology of meta-analysis and provide our new developments in this direction to advance the literature.